In the ancient Mauryan society, we observe that the production of alcohol was a state monopoly. Kautilya does make a case for that system to exist. But, there were a few cases which were considered for exemption from State control.
Artha, meaning wealth, is one of four supreme aims suggested by Hindu tradition. However, as the Arthashastra divulges, it has a much wider connotation, and the material well-being of individuals is just a part of it.
A curiously inclusive discourse of statecraft, the Arthashastra is testimony to Kautilya’s genius and foresight.
The manufacture of alcoholic liquor was predominantly a state monopoly. Specific exemptions were, however provided in the following cases:
Physicians making different kinds of arishtas, i.e. alcohol-based medicines
Types of liquor like fermented fruit juices not made by the state
Home-made alcohol-based medicines
'White’ liquor for own consumption
Special exemption, during fairs and festivals (to make liquor for a maximum of four days)
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